How Many Carbs in 1 Oz of Lean Ground Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the pic, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and acquire more most the secrets and fun facts that make the love picture show a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Moving picture
Every bit a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a function in the 1939 film accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to inquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Await Was More Flick Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, only that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was young at the time, the xvi-year-sometime Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (every bit any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Nifty Moving picture Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the nigh unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings squad spread black ink across the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W West."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Really Unsafe
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'south quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the consequence of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connectedness than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-class chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, information technology was still Hollywood's preferred choice for faux snowfall. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't grab any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Homo'due south) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin can Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of bug for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was amend than Ebsen'due south, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a condom prosthetic, complete with a woven design that mimicked the look of burlap. Later the motion picture wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set up
In a flare-up of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may take instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, simply her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwardly instantly, causing second- and tertiary-degree burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys equally they're called in the source cloth — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Nearly equally scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aerial stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut downward on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature safety monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one'southward surprise, the American Film Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was virtually cut from the picture show.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song made the Kansas scenes as well long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't empathise the vocal'southward meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room flooring.
The Tin can Man Costume Didn't Let Jack Haley to Rest Like shooting fish in a barrel
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns nearly the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" body and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean against a board to residuum properly. Many years subsequently, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same result with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin can't assistance folks escape all their problems.
The Original Can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage every bit the Scarecrow, simply traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'southward new character, the Tin can Man, caused him a earth of problems. Namely, the character's silverish makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the terminal picture, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to Come across the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-pes long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature firm that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers and then reversed the footage to make information technology look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation. The film went on to make roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was ameliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — just it still didn't reverberate the moving picture's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per calendar week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might bandage its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio'south title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic graphic symbol instead.
To make a convincing animal, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real panthera leo skin. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his grapheme's nerves. Each night, ii stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent mean solar day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The picture started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'due south virtually $50 one thousand thousand adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the film only earned $3 one thousand thousand at the box function — well-nigh $51.eight 1000000 past today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era film, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's minor success in the U.S. barely covered production and picture rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the moving-picture show's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Also"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were ofttimes given to young actors to help them slumber after studios shot them up with adrenaline and so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assist, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her piffling more than than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalisation of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'due south feature-length animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-hit. Not just did the motion-picture show revolutionize the blitheness manufacture, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snowfall White — then the most successful film of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, only MGM endemic the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited part in Oz. During the Tin can Man's "If I Just Had a Middle," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art chiliad Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug at that place several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'southward Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Magician of Oz is your classic take chances story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. All the same, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the but location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin can Homo spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more than closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the canis familiaris.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than than 35 years after the pic debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to evidence kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the grapheme.
According to Hamilton, the so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, just she was also a sad, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked besides takes this approach to the Witch'south graphic symbol.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were simply as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald Metropolis took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thank you to a surprising food detail…
Jell-O crystals were used to colour the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move apace — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. Merely the colorful steed isn't the simply interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued railroad vehicle was once owned past President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Section Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'south flying monkeys, and so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in gild to requite life to this fantasy motion-picture show. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since well-nigh of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning time — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Oft Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The flick is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the nigh quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Moving-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the listing.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I take a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruddy slippers from the immature girl'south feet. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to go far look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and function trouble-solving for filmmakers. In club to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the ready up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Subsequently the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized form. For example, the white office of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — merely because it filmed meliorate. And the oil the Can Homo is so excited well-nigh? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the E Makes More than One Advent
Function of the Wicked Witch of the W'south beefiness with Dorothy is that the immature girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived possessor of the red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if merely briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the moving-picture show makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Downwards Several Times
The outset cut of the moving-picture show clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems similar cypher by today'southward Curiosity flick standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy'due south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Can Man becomes a man beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the Westward operation likewise frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a wearing apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to vesture information technology for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the twenty-four hour period of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was information technology a modest syntactical false pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to raise the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the moving-picture show'due south debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), calculation credence to this theory.
One of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another flick released the aforementioned year, also directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box office. (You may have heard of that trivial motion-picture show — information technology's chosen Gone with the Air current.) Nevertheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The motion picture was starting time circulate on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology'southward believed that The Wizard of Oz is 1 of the 10 about-watched characteristic-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual goggle box screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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