What Happens to Samuel Smith When He Tries to Help Another Slave Escape?
| E | |
|---|---|
| E e | |
| (See below) | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Blazon | Alphabetic |
| Linguistic communication of origin | Latin linguistic communication |
| Phonetic usage |
|
| Unicode codepoint | U+0045, U+0065 |
| Alphabetical position | 5 |
| History | |
| Development |
|
| Time period | c. 700 BC to present |
| Descendants |
|
| Sisters |
|
| Variations | (See below) |
| Other | |
| Other letters commonly used with | ee |
Eastward, or eastward, is the fifth letter of the alphabet and the second vowel letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO bones Latin alphabet. Its name in English is e (pronounced ); plural ees,[one] Es or E'due south.[2] Information technology is the near commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Castilian, and Swedish. [three] [4] [five] [half dozen] [7]
History
| Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ | Proto-Sinaitic | Proto-Canaanite hillul | Phoenician He | Etruscan E | Greek Epsilon | Latin/ Cyrillic E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Latin letter 'E' differs picayune from its source, the Greek letter epsilon, 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the Semitic alphabetic character hê, which has been suggested to take started as a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was most likely based on a like Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a different pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter represented /h/ (and /eastward/ in strange words); in Greek, hê became the letter epsilon, used to represent /e/. The various forms of the Erstwhile Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.
Use in writing systems
Pronunciation of the name of the letter ⟨e⟩ in European languages
English
Although Center English spelling used ⟨due east⟩ to represent long and short /e/, the Cracking Vowel Shift inverse long /eː/ (every bit in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while curt /ɛ/ (as in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter of the alphabet is silent, generally at the terminate of words like queue.
Other languages
In the orthography of many languages it represents either [e], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such equally a nasalized version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (as: ⟨e ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to bespeak contrasts. Less normally, as in French, German, or Saanich, ⟨due east⟩ represents a mid-central vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨east⟩ are common to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such every bit ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English language, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨eu⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in High german.
Other systems
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨e⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid forepart unrounded vowel.
Most common letter
'E' is the most common (or highest-frequency) letter in the English linguistic communication alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data compression. In the story "The Gold-Issues" by Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random grapheme code by remembering that the most used letter of the alphabet in English is E. This makes information technology a hard and popular letter to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright's Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least part of Wright's narrative bug were acquired past language limitations imposed by the lack of E."[viii] Both Georges Perec's novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English language translation past Gilbert Adair omit 'east' and are considered better works.[9]
- East with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ[10]
- ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet[11]
- Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
- Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
- The umlaut diacritic ¨ used above a vowel letter in German and other languages to indicate a fronted or front end vowel (this sign originated as a superscript eastward)
- Phonetic alphabet symbols related to E (the International Phonetic Alphabet simply uses lowercase, but capital forms are used in some other writing systems):
- Ɛ ɛ : Latin letter epsilon / open eastward, which represents an open-mid front end unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ᶓ : Epsilon / open east with retroflex hook[10]
- Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open up e, which represents an open-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ɝ : Latin small letter reversed epsilon / open e with hook, which represents a rhotacized open up-mid central vowel in the IPA
- ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open e with retroflex claw[10]
- ᶟ : Modifier alphabetic character small reversed epsilon / open east[10]
- ɞ : Latin small-scale letter airtight reversed open e, which represents an open-mid cardinal rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
- Ə ə : Latin letter of the alphabet schwa, which represents a mid fundamental vowel in the IPA
- Ǝ ǝ : Latin alphabetic character turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
- ɘ : Latin alphabetic character reversed e, which represents a close-mid primal unrounded vowel in the IPA
- The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of e and epsilon / open e:[12]
- U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN LETTER SMALL Upper-case letter E
- U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Open up East
- U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER Letter CAPITAL E
- U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER Letter CAPITAL REVERSED E
- U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER Letter Minor E
- U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER LETTER Modest OPEN East
- U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER LETTER Modest TURNED OPEN Eastward
- U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN Alphabetic character Modest Capital TURNED East [13]
- e : Subscript small due east is used in Indo-European studies[14]
- Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:[15]
- U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER E
- U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED E
- U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN Small LETTER E WITH FLOURISH
Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets
- 𐤄 : Semitic alphabetic character He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
- Ε ε : Greek letter of the alphabet Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
- Е е : Cyrillic alphabetic character Ye
- Є є : Ukrainian Ye
- Э э : Cyrillic letter of the alphabet East
- Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic alphabetic character Ei
- 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the ancestor of modernistic Latin E
- ᛖ : Runic letter of the alphabet Ehwaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic Eastward
- 𐌴 : Gothic letter eyz
- Ε ε : Greek letter of the alphabet Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations
- € : Euro sign.
- ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for auction inside the European Wedlock).
- due east : the symbol for the elementary charge (the electric charge carried by a single proton)
- ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. It is read "there exists ... such that".
- ∈ : the symbol for set membership in gear up theory.
- 𝑒 : the base of the natural logarithm.
Code points
| Preview | E | due east | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN Uppercase LETTER E | LATIN Small-scale LETTER E | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | december | hex |
| Unicode | 69 | U+0045 | 101 | U+0065 |
| UTF-eight | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
| Numeric character reference | E | E | e | e |
| EBCDIC family | 197 | C5 | 133 | 85 |
| ASCII ane | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
- i Besides for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
Other representations
In British Sign Linguistic communication (BSL), the alphabetic character 'east' is signed by extending the alphabetize finger of the right manus touching the tip of index on the left hand, with all fingers of left hand open.
Utilize every bit a number
In the hexadecimal (base sixteen) numbering arrangement, E is a number that corresponds to the number 14 in decimal (base 10) counting.
References
- ^ "Eastward" a letter Merriam-Webster'southward Third New International Lexicon of the English Entire (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered E's, Esouth, eastward's, or es.
- ^ "Due east". Oxford Dictionary of English (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN9780199571123.
substantive (plural Es or E'southward)
- ^ Kelk, Brian. "Letter frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
- ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plainly text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Cardinal Higher. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Spanish". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Messages in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Messages in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Give-and-take Play. New York: St. Martin's Press (1996): 3
- ^ Eckler (1996): three. Perec'south novel "was then well written that at least some reviewers never realized the being of a letter constraint."
- ^ a b c d Lawman, Peter (2004-04-xix). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add boosted phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-xix. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding iii Additional Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-x-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
External links
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E
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